Feb 24, 2026Estrogen, Menopause, and Aging: Hormonal Mechanisms, Health Implications, and ProtocolMenopause-associated estrogen decline drives accelerated changes in cardiovascular risk, bone density, cognitive function, and metabolic health. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has RCT and observational evidence supporting benefits for symptomatic relief and bone protection; cardiovascular and breast cancer risks depend on timing, type, and route of administration.